Correlation between Cytochrome P450, 5-alpha Reductase, and Androgen Receptor Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases. The CYP450 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and the hormonal activity is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) and the enzyme 5-alpha reductase (5αR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between these factors in T2DM. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed with 60 volunteers, including 30 diabetics and 30 healthy individuals. Demographic information of individuals was recorded and levels of CYP450, 5αR, and AR were measured in serum by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.26 version and the significance level was less than 5%. Results: There were no significant difference  between diabetics and healthy individuals in gender (P= 1), body mass index (P= 0.199), diastolic pressure(P= 0.466), uric acid(P= 0.202), creatinine(P= 0.627), low-density lipoprotein (P= 0.572), high-density lipoprotein(P=0.692); But there was a significant difference in systolic pressure(P= 0.034), triglyceride(P= 0.0001), and insulin(P= 0.003), between diabetics and healthy individuals. The distribution of CYP450, 5αR and AR in two groups shows that the level of all three factors is higher in diabetic people (P= 0.0001). Also, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin have a direct relationship with CYP450 (P= 0.0001, R=0.494; P= 0.043, R=0.263), 5αR (P= 0.0001, R=0.808; P= 0.016, R=0.309) and with AR (P= 0.0001, R=0.836; P= 0.011, R=0.326). Conclusion: These results showed that there was a relationship between the levels of CYP450, 5αR, and ARs with T2DM which may explain hormonal changes in diabetic people and the different responses to treatment.